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This paper presents the Extension Interface Model (EIM) and bpftime, which together enable safer and more efficient extension of userspace applications than the current state-of-the-art. EIM is a new model that treats each required feature of an extension as a resource, including concrete hardware resources (e.g., memory) and abstract ones (e.g., the ability to invoke a function from the extended application). An extension manager, i.e., the person who manages a deployment, uses EIM to specify only the resources an extension needs to perform its task. bpftime is a new extension framework that enforces an EIM specification. Compared to prior systems, bpftime is efficient because it uses extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF)-style verification, hardware-supported isolation features (e.g., Intel MPK), and dynamic binary rewriting. Moreover, bpftime is easy to adopt into existing workflows since it is compatible with the current eBPF ecosystem. We demonstrate the usefulness of EIM and bpftime across 6 use cases that improve security, monitor and enhance performance, and explore configuration trade-offs.